A threaded rod, also known as a stud, is a relatively long rod that is threaded on both ends; the thread may extend along the complete length of the rod.[1] They are designed to be used in tension.[2] Threaded rod in bar stock form is often called all-thread (ATR); other names include fully-threaded rod, redi-rod, continuously-threaded rod, and TFL rod.[3]
Galvanized steel,[3] mild steel, stainless steel, nylon, brass, copper, aluminum, and titanium are all commonly used to make threaded rods.[4]
Studs
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Fiat Balilla engine with cylinder head removed, showing the studs that normally hold it in placeStuds may have a drive slot in one end to facilitate installing the stud.
Types
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"Waisted" or "undercut" studs, as engine cylinder head retainersWith respect to shape, stud bolts a.k.a. studs are categorized into three basic types: "fully threaded stud bolts", "tap-end stud bolts", and "double-end stud bolts". Each of these studs have different application. As name suggests, fully threaded studs have full body coverage with threads for full engagement of the matings nuts or similar parts. Tap-end studs have threads at extreme ends of the body with unequal thread engagement length, while double-end stud bolts have equal thread length at both ends. Apart from these, there are stud bolts for flanges, which are fully threaded studs with chamfered ends, and double-end studs with reduced shank for special bolting applications.
For studs that are not completely threaded, there are two types of studs: full-bodied studs, and undercut studs. Full-bodied studs have a shank equal to the major diameter of the thread. Undercut studs have a shank equal to the pitch diameter of the screw thread. Undercut studs are designed to better distribute axial stresses. In a full-bodied stud the stresses are greater in the threads than in the shank.[5]
Undercut studs (rolled thread) are also stronger because the metal is "rolled" up to the major diameter, not removed. This preserves the grain of the steel, and in some cases even enhances it. Full-bodied studs (cut thread) are weaker because metal is removed to create the thread, disturbing the grain of the steel.
Undercut studs are only required in applications where the stud is exposed to fatigue. Cut threads are entirely suitable for many applications, even when rolled threads might be slightly stronger. Mass-produced fasteners (standard bolts and studs) are usually rolled, but jobbed parts with custom features and small lot sizes are likely to be cut.
Strength
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The allowable tensile force for a non-undercut threaded rod is defined by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) as[8]
P = 0.33 F u π d 2 4 , {\displaystyle P={\frac {0.33F_{\text{u}}\pi d^{2}}{4}},}
where d is the nominal diameter, and Fu is the ultimate tensile strength of the material. For undercut threaded rods the allowable tensile stress is defined as[8]
P = 0.6 F y π d s 2 4 , {\displaystyle P={\frac {0.6F_{\text{y}}\pi d_{\text{s}}^{2}}{4}},}
where ds is the diameter of the shank, and Fy is the yield strength of the material.
Both equations give units of force for the result, i.e. pounds-force or newtons.
Class
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Metric threaded rods are marked on the end with a color code to define the ISO strength class. The color codes are:[9]
References
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Bibliography
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Metal threaded rods are a type of threaded fastener that can be used in various applications. A threaded rod is a cylindrical metal bar with threads on one end. Threaded rods are available in different lengths and diameters, but the most common size is 1/4 inch diameter with a length of 6 inches.
Threaded rods can be used for many applications, such as for securing objects together or for re-threading screws and bolts. They can also be used in construction as an alternative to nails or screws when joining two pieces of wood together. Threaded rods also have many decorative uses such as attaching curtain rods to the wall or hanging light fixtures from the ceiling.
Threaded rods are steel rods with threaded ends that are used as construction fasteners.
The threading is either right-hand or left-hand, and the threads can be coarse or fine. Threaded rods can be made of different types of steel, but the most common type is carbon steel.
Threaded Rods are commonly used in construction to create a strong structural connection between two pieces of metal. They are usually found in machine building and other industries where heavy loads need to be lifted or moved.
Threaded fasteners are a versatile and cost-effective solution for a variety of construction needs. Threaded fasteners are used in the construction industry to create structures such as fences, decking, railings, and more. They can also be used for decorative purposes like hanging artwork or lighting fixtures.
Threaded fasteners are not just limited to the construction industry – they can also be used in other industries such as automotive and aerospace.
Steel threaded rod is a type of threaded rod that is typically used in construction and engineering projects. The use of steel threaded rods can be traced back to the late 1800s. Steel threaded rods are often used for tensioning cables, such as in bridges. They are also generally used for securing items together, such as in the case of a metal pipe coupling.
Threading is a process that is used to produce a screw thread on the end of a tube. Threading is done by cutting or rolling the material in the required form and then passing it through a die.
The metric thread rods are used for threaded connections in many industries. The imperial thread rods are used for threaded connections in many industries as well.
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